Excavator scoop



R. R. DOWNIE" 1,783,831

EXCAVATOR SCOOP Dec. 2, 1930.

Filed I May 22, 1926 INVENTOR e -2.1930, is v1,7 8 .'3;8 3 1; a

V 1 ROBERT REX nowmn, on BEAVER FALLS, rnn ns rrvnitinjAssIGnoR, toKEYsaON DRILLEK comrn w; or nnAvnnFntLs, PENNSYLVANIAQA conronntrion orPENN SYLVANIA nxonvn ron sooor Y Application filed May 22',1e2e.-se1-i'a1 no. 111,002;

7 Thisinvention relates to excavator scoops, and amongother'ob]eots',"a1ms"to slmplify,

strengthen and add to the life and efficiency of certain parts (thereof,to rninimizeflthe number o-fthe "parts, and'to. itacilitateas seinblyofthe scoop. 1 'The invention may in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figutelis aside elevation of 'alscoop. Figure 2 is a-partialfront-elevatlon of the. saineflenlarg'ed, the bail and upper bushingsbeing shown-in section. i Figure 3 isan enlarged side-elevation of thefront portion of the'scoop;

:Figuret is a-fragm'entary sectional View taken transversely of. one ofthepivot bolts;

Figure 5 is a section taken on the li-ne"55 of FigureB, .7

The invention is shown in connection with a scoop 10, which is carriedbythe usual boom-supported ditcher stick ll and 12. The scoop is alsoprovided with therus'ual pivotedbail 13 towhich a power line-isiattached, and with a pivoted bott'omll, projf vided Withdigging teeth15-at one edge,all as disclosed in Patent 1,511,114: dated. Oct. 7,

i 1924. a v v The scoop bottom ltis provided at each side with arfiange16, extending upwardly between the outer side; plate. 17 and .the innerside plate 18, and; pivotallymounted on a bolt 19, while each end oftheball 13 1s simi- I larly mounted on a bolt .20. "As shown, the

outer plates 1T"are cutlaway,'and the bottom flanges 16 extend upwardlyfar enough to close the space'provided by cutting away said" plates.'lhusjeXtravveight 1s added to the bottom whereit is needed, and thusthe bottom 'is strengthenedj without adding be understood by referencetoone illustrative embodiment shown a The inner-bushing 22 fits thepolygonal bolt andacts as aspacing collar between the side plates-17;and 18, while the "outer bushing v23 issecured in aghofle 21in thepivoted member, and i sqrotatable'iahout the inner bushinga22. The'outer bushingflii' is secured inf-any suitable manner againstrotatifoniwith respect tothemember-lfi, one way beingcto makesaid bushing in twoarcuate segments, with the smaller. segmentlr23ac (,Fig, i welded toythewall of the hole12: 1

lReferring to Fig: 5, the end of the bolt-19. is threaded, and receivesa shouldered lock nut: 25 having a reduced inner portion 2 6,-

pwhich' is received within a bore 27 in the v side rake tooth 21, andthe shoulder .ofjthe nut bears against a"corresponding shoulder 28in therake' tooth toclamp the latterto theouter sideplate 17. WVhen the nut 25is tightened,.therefore, the course of the pressureis throughthe metalof the rake tooth, the-outeriside plate-17 the inner bushing 22 and theinner sideplate 18 to'the -head of thebolt. i V i I V I v By thisconstruction, the bail 13 and bot- }tom 14: have o free" pivotalmovement about the respectivebolts20 and 19, while theside rake tooth isrigidly secured by these same bolts. The side. rake tooth is formed witha flange 29,-projecting laterally :in front of tel". Thelower end oftherake tooth ex tends-forwardly, and is ,beveled, asshown at"30,whilethe trontuedge ofthe flange 29 is sharpened, as shown at31, andis inclined possible, in orderto securethe most efi'ective opening andcloslng action of the fbo'ttonr.

This lis an extremely important cconsideraso the lower pivot bolt, andprote tin the lat a a vertical bottom pivotshould be-placed as low and 9as far toward theopen end of the scoop as tionibecause thebottomis notpositi'vely-actuated, but its motion is effected only by themanipulation of the lines; and'the farther the bottom pivot can beplaced from the cen-. ter, of gravity of the bottom,the more pronouncedwill be the pendulum-like action of the bottom.

In securing the side rake tooth, whenever separate bolts are used, theymust be placed above or to the rear of the bottom pivot bolt for theobvious reason that the tooth must precede the bottom pivot bolt inpassage through the material, because an important function is toprotect that bolt. Then, if the rake tooth is to have a given protrusionor length of blade ahead of the wall edge, and is to have a'givenlifting strength at the digging point, it must be madeheavier at themajor fastening point, and must have a greater length of shank to therear of that point, if the stress on the bolts at the upper end is to bekept within given limits, than would be necessary if the major fasteningwere located closer to the digging point. It is found, therefore, thatthe bottom pivot bolt and the major fastening of the side rake toothshould logically occupy the same position with reference to the diggingedge of the scoop, and hence the utility of a single bolt adapted to.form part of the pivotal connections for the bottom, and also toreceive the heavy stresses from the siderake tooth.

An advantage resulting from the combination bottom pivot and toothfastening bolt, second only to that mentioned above, is that itfacilitates the use of the most appropriate shape of side rake tooth. Asstated above, animportant function of the rake tooth is to dig theclearance for the bottom pivot bolt, and for this reason it must have adigging edge above and ahead of that bolt. Now, the most effective shapeof rake tooth is found by experiment to be somewhat like that of a plowshare, so that it will first divide the material horizontally, and thenin a vertical plane at as acute a shearing angle as possible. Thus,considerations as to the proper shape of rake tooth tend to place thebody of the tooth below the bottom pivot bolt, whereas the necessity ofprotecting that bolt tends to keep the body of the tooth above and aheadof it. Now, if the rake tooth were not fastened by the bolt itself, andyet were made so as to protect the bolt, its body would have to beplaced en tirely above the bottom pivot bolt, thus necessitating agreater extent of rake tooth ahead of the wall in order to preserve thesuitable acute angle of inclination for the shearing edge, or else thebody of the tooth would have to have a large opening formed therein toaccommodate the nut of the bottom pivot bolt and give clearance room fora wrench to turn the nut. Such a construc tion would obviously wastemetal, because of its division in a disadvantageous direction.

Since a critical point in the strength of a rake tooth is its capacityto resist lateral pressures upon the point, which tend to bend the pointtoward the center line of the scoop,

these pressures resulting from the scoop being forced into convergingand hard surfaces. When the tooth is fastened by the bolt which itprotects, this permits the shearing edgeof the body of the tooth to bebrought as close as possible to the bolt, and at the same time permitsthe rake tooth to be solid except for the hole required for the boltitself.

, The bushings and the accompanying parts are all of such dimensions asto permit free assembly, requiring no force fits whatever. This permitsthem to be easily assembled or disassembled, and also avoids the risk ofinjuring the parts assembled. The only tool required for assembly is awrench for ti ghtening the nuts. The polygonal shape of that portion ofthe bolt which extends from the head through the inner side plate, theinner bushing and the outer side plate, effectively iolds the innerbushing from turning on the bolt, and since the inner bushing is clampedfirmly between the inner and outer side plates, it is positively heldagainst any lateral motion, while it serves as an effective spacer forthe wall portions.

The easy assembly of the parts results in the greatest durability. Thisis attainable because the bushings can be made of special steel selectedfor the greatest resistance to wear, without the interference of anysuch considerations as malleability for beading, toughness for bendingstrength and the like. Removing the function of radial wear from thepivot bolt, permits a specializing of it in the direction of strength,without sacrificc for hardness.

The side rake teeth shown herein are de- .cribed and claimed in adivisional application Serial No. 158,739, filed January 3, i927.

Obviously the present invention is not restricted to the particularembodiment thereof herein shown and described. Moreover, it is notindispensable that all the features of the invention be used conjointlysince they may be employed advantageously in various combinations andsubcombinations.

lVhat is claimed is:

1. The combination with an excavating scoop having side walls and amember spanning the Width of the scoop, of a pivot member at each sideconnecting the spanning member with the side wall, a rake tooth at eachside, and means cooperating with the pivot member to rigidly secure therake tooth to the side, a portion of the rake tooth extending in frontof the pivot member and said cooperating means to protect the same fromin ury dnringthe digging operation.

2. The combination with an excavating scoop having side walls and abottom, of a bolt in each side wall constituting a pivot for the bottom,and a side rake tooth secured rigidly by said bolt to the side wall andextending in front of the bolt toprovide clearance for the same duringthe digging opera tion. is

3. The combination with an excavating scoop" having'side-walls and abottom, of

pivot members connectinggthe bottom with the side walls, a rake tooth"at'e'ach side, and means cooperating with'theres'pective pivotmembersto rigidly secureth'e" rake teeth to the side walls, each raketoothhaving a flange extending in front of the projecting portion of thepivot member to protect the same and formed with an upwardly andrearward- 1y inclined sharpened edge to cut a clearance for the sidewall and said projecting-portion of the pivot member.

walls having inner andonter spaced plates,

' a' bottom having at each side-an upstanding flange extending betweenthe inner and outer plates, a rake tooth positioned'ag'ainst the outerface of the outer plate, and a bolt ex- [tending through said innerplate, said flange,

said outer plate "and thefrake tooth, said bolt-,

i V servingat the same timeto hold the bottom to its correct axis ofmovementand to secure the rake tooth rigidly tothe scoop.

' 5. In an excavatorscoop, the combination of a sidewall having outerand inner plates spaced apart, a pivotedmember extending into the spacebetweenjthe wall plates, a

pivot bolt extending through said wall plates and said pivoted member;said bolt having 1 a, fixed position with reference to the wall plates,a removable inner bushing upon the bolt and'fixed against rotation withreference thereto, aremovable router bushing on said nner bushlng andmovable jvc1rcumferentially thereof, said outer bushing being fixedagainst rotation with reference to the pivoted member, wherebysaidpivoted member is pivotally connected tot-he wall plates and allofthe wear of thev pivot falls upon the removable inner and'outerbushings V 6. An excavating scoop comprising, in com bination, arelatively fixed imemberand a i t d mber; a non-circularv pivot bolttherefor; and companion bushings secured respectivelyto saidbolt'and'toone of said members and being rotatable one onthe other.

7, An excavating scoop comprising, in combination, two pivoted" members;and a" re newable bushing interposed between the two surfaces of therespectivefmembers which provide a pivot, so as to-take the weardue tothe stresses on the pivot; said renewable bushing being segmental, andthe smallersegmen't'thereof being secured to one of the pivoted members,while the larger segment is-removable by longitudinal displacement,

8. An excavating scoop comprising, in com-Q bination, two" pivotedmembers; and means pivotally connecting said 'memb'ersijncluding a boltsecured to one of said members so as to be immovable; and abushingsurrounding the bolt and rotatablerelative to the bolt 4..Anexcavatorscoop, comprising side said bushing consisting of two'arcuate'seg ments', the smaller of'which is secured within a-holepierced in theother pivoted member,

the largersegmentbeingreadily removediby V driving it endwise, and beingheld fromj rot-ation within the hole byits contact with the smallersegment. i r

a 9. .An excavating scoop, comprising, in combi-natiomtwo'pivotedmembers; and means pivotally connecting said membersincluding a boltsecuredto one of saidmembers so i as to be immovable; coaxialbushings'carried by the bolt, one bushing being fixed against rotationon the bolt, the second bushing surrounding the flrst bushing andbeingrotatable thereon; saidsecond bushing consisting of two arc'uatesegments, the smaller of which isisecured within a hole pierced in theother pivoted member, the larger segment bemg readily removed bydr1v1ng-1t endw1se, and

being held from rotation within the hole by its contact with the smallersegment.

10. An excavating scoopficomp rising, in

combinatiomJa body having sideswith two spaced plates andha'ving abottom with side flanges received between the two pairsof spaced plates;and means pivotingthe bottom to each of the sidescomprising a boltpassing r ing the outer bushing to the flange of the .bottomthroughwhich it passes.

11. An excavat'ng scoop comprising, vin combination, a body having sideswith two spaced plates and having a'bottom with side flanges receivedbetween the tW0'..pairs of spaced plates; and means pivoting the bot:-

tom to each of thesides comprising a bolt passing through the flange andthespacech plates; a bushing surrounding the bolt and spacing the twoplates apart; and another bnshinglsurrounding the first bushing androtatable'thereon; and means securing the outer bushing to the'flange ofthe, bottom 7 through which it:passes; said outer bushing being shorterthan'the distance between the a 7 two side plates oft-he scoopbody,sothat all the wearftakes place on the contacting surfaces of thetwobushings. j

12. An excavating scoop comprising, in combinat on, a body'hav ng sideswith two spaced plates and having a bail whose ends 1 arereceivedbetween the two-pairs of spaced plates; and means pivoting thebailto each of the sides comprising a bolt passing through thebailiand'the spacedplates; a bushingsurroundingthe bolt ancl spacing thetwo plates apart; and another bushing surrounding the first bushingrotatable thereon; *and means securing the outer bushingto the bail endthrough which itjpa'sses.

13. Anexcavating scoop comprising, in

combination, a body having sides with two spaced plates and having abail whose ends are received between the two pairs of spaced plates; andmeans pivoting the bail to each of the sides comprisinga bolt passingthrough the bail and the spaced plates; a bushing surrounding the boltand spacing the two plates rotatable axially relative to the bolt; aside,

rake tooth having a bore and a counterbore, thus providing an annularshoulder; the bolt passing through said bore; a nut screwed on the endof the bolt and bearing against the annular shoulder, so as to securethe side rake tooth; the nut being seated within the counterbore so asto be protected by the side rake tooth.

15. An excavator scoop comprising, in combination, a scoop body; and amember pivotally connected to the sides of said body; each sideincluding two spaced plates; and pivotal connections between the memberand the scoop each comprising a bolt, a bushing surrounding the bolt;and a second bushing surrounding the first and freely rotatable thereon,the second bushing being fixed to the aforesaid member; a side raketooth having a bore and a counterbore, thus providing an annularshoulder: a nut screwed on the end of the bolt and having a reducedportion small enough to pass through the bore and bear against one ofthe side plates, the head of the bolt then bearing against the otherside plate; the bushing which is direct-q carried by the bolt beinggripped between the side plates when the nut is screwed down; the nutbeing wholly within the confines of the side rake tooth and so protectedthereby.

16. An excavating scoop comprising, in combination, a body; a bailpivotallyconnected thereto; a dumping bottom pivoted to the body; andteeth rigidly secured to the body by bolts whose axes coincide with thepivotal axes of the bail and bottom aforesaid,

17. An excavating scoop comprising, in combination, a body; a bailpivotally connected to the body; a dumping bottom pivoted to the body atthe same end; and teeth on each side of the body spanning the distancebetween the pivots of the bail and of the scoop bottom and secured tosaid sides by elements which form parts of the aforesaid pivotalconnections.

18. An excavating scoopcomprising, in combination, a body; a pivotedbail; a pivoted bottom; two side rake teeth; and'four bolts fasteningthe hail, the bottom and the side rake teeth upon the scoop body-so thatthe bail and bottomfreely move about their pivotal axes, while the teethare secured absolutely immovably, yet are readily removed. v

19. An excavating scoop comprising, in combination, a body; a bail; abottom; two side rake teeth; and means pivotallyconnecting the bail andbottom respectively to the same end of the scoop but spaced from eachother; said pivotal connections including bolts which when tightenedsecure the side rake teeth absolutely immovably, and including elementspermitting free swinging of the bail and bottom irrespective of thedegree of tightness of the bolts.

20. An excavator scoop comprising, in combination, a body; a bottom; ahauling bail; two'side rake teeth; and pivotal connections for the bailand the bottom whereby each may swing relative to the body; said pivotalconnections including four bolts, two of which pass through each toothto secure it on the side of the scoop body when the nuts of the boltsare tightened; the parts being so constructed and arranged thatdetachment of the bail requires only the removal of the two upper bolts,detachment of the bottom requires only the removal of the two lowerbolts, and either detachment may be effected without causing the teethto lose their position in the assembly, while detachment of the raketeeth requires removal of the nuts only without disturbance of thebolts, bottom or bail.

21. An excavating scoop, comprising, in combination, a body; a pivotedbottom: a hauling bail; and side rake teeth secured to the excavatingend of the body and made fast on the outside of the side walls of thebody and being so constructed and arranged that each tooth protects thetwo pivotal donnections between the bail and the body and the bottom andthe body on the side of the scoop on which it is placed.

22. An excavating scoop, comprising, in combination, a body; a pivotedbottom; a hauling bail and side rake teeth secured to the excavating endof the body and fast to the outside of the side walls ofthe body andbeing so constructed and arranged that each tooth protects on one sideof the scoop the pivotal connections between the bail, the bottom andthe body; said pivotal connections being substantially confined betweenthe outer face of each tooth and the inside of the scoop so that noparts of the pivotal connections project beyond the outer side faceeluding a bolt, each pivotal connection so made that its bolt may betightened as much as may be desired and yet permit free swinging of thepivoted parts. r v 4 24. An excavating scoop comprising, in

combination, a body whose sides have inner and outer spaced plates, theinner plates ex- 7 tending from the bottom to the top of the body; ahauling bail pivotally connected to the scoop between the side plates; ascoopsupporting bailhaving its arms extending betweenand secured to theside plates; and

a bottom pivoted between the side plates. V 25. An excavating scoopcomprising, in

combination, a body having sides with two spaced plates; said body alsohaving abail whose ends are received between the 'two pairs of spacedplates, and also having a bottom with, side'flanges received between thetwo pairs of spaced plates; and similar pivotal connections joining thetwo ends of the bail and also thetwo flanges of the bottom with theopposite sides of the scoop;

each of the four pivotal connections includ- 7 ing a bolt; and a siderake tooth on each side of the scoop and made fast to the scoop by meansof two of said bolts, i

,ser

1 '28. An excavatingvscoop having its op posite side walls eachconsistingbf two A spaced plates; means fast to the plates ati' eachside of the scoop for supporting the} scoop; means pivoted to the platesat each side of the scoop-for c'ausingthel scoop to move to excavatematerial; and means pivoted to the plates "at each side of the scoop todischargethe material excavated. Y 29. An excavating scoop comprising,in

combination, a body; a bail-pivotally con nected'to the scoop bodybetween thesides thereof; a bottom having opposed'upstanct' ingsideflanges; and pivotal connections between the sides of the scoop andthe flanges of thebottom so that the bottom is pivoted at one end ofthescoop; said flanges extending thelength of the" scoop body.

30. An excavatingscoop comprising, in.

combination,'a body having an open end and 3 substantially parallelsides; and a'bottom pivoted to each of said sides at a' low pointthereof and extending between said sides to close thescoop, said bottomhaving-integral longitudinal flanges extending the length of the scoopand being parallel to each other; the sides of the scoop being cut awayfor the greater 1 portion of their length to expose the flanges, whichclose the gaps thereby made. a i a In testimony'that I claim theforegoing as my own, have heretoaflixed my signature;

I ROBERT REX DOWNIE.

26. An excavating scoop comprising, in

combination, a body having sides with spaced plates; and a bottompivoted to the sides of the scoop by means fast to and bridging thespace between the side plates said hottom pivoting means beingconstructed to withstand the shocks imparted to the bot tom during useof the scoop, thereby permitting free swinging of the bottom at alltimes.

27. An excavator scoop comprising, in combination, a body having sides;each of the sides being made up of inner and outer spaced plates securedtogether; av member pivoted to the sides; and pivotal connectionsbetweenthe member and the sides, each pivotal connection comprising a:headed fastener member having its head inside the Lil) inner plate andbearing against the same,

- said fastener member designed to withstand tensile stresses when inposition and to be readily removed when desired,v and a bushingnon-rotatable on the shank of the headed fastener member but readilyremovable therefrom-v; said bushing being relatively rotatable withrespectto the pivotal member which surrounds it.

